Actinopterygii (Straalvinnigen) >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Lotidae (Hakes and burbots)
Etymology: Enchelyopus: Greek, enchelys, = eel + Greek, pous = feet (Ref. 45335).
Omgeving / Klimaat / Range
Ecologie
; marien demersaal; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepteverspreiding 20 - 650 m (Ref. 6144), usually 20 - 50 m. Temperate, preferred 6°C (Ref. 107945); 73°N - 20°N, 99°W - 32°E (Ref. 1371)
Northwest Atlantic: northern Gulf of Mexico to Newfoundland, western Greenland. Northeast Atlantic: coasts of Europe and the British Isles from the Barents Sea to the northern Bay of Biscay. One locality at Cape Blanc, Mauritania. Reported from Estonia (Ref. 33247). Caught very rarely in the Far East (Ref. 94563).
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 25.0, range 15 - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 1371); common length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 1371); Maximaal vermelde leeftijd: 9 jaren (Ref. 1371)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 0; Anale stekels 0. One barbel on chin, one on tip of snout, and one at each of the anterior nostril. First dorsal fin ray very elongate, followed by a row of small, fleshy filaments. Color varies from dusky to pale.
Sedentary bottom dwellers on muddy sand between patches of hard substrate, or on the soft, smooth ground of deep sinks on the continental slopes of both sides of the North Atlantic. Feed on flatfishes, amphipods, decapods, copepods, mysids, shrimps, isopods and other small crustaceans. Spawn in the Baltic Sea (Ref. 35388). Mixed with soups and other products hot-smoked (Ref. 1371).
Spawning has been recorded in waters less than 140 m deep. Fecundity ranges from 5,000 - 45,000.
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Gevaarlijk voor mensen
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00223 - 0.00648), b=3.09 (2.94 - 3.24), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.0 se; Based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
69278): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.20-0.25; tm=3; tmax=9; Fec=5,000).
Prior r = 0.56, 2 SD range = 0.36 - 0.86, log(r) = -0.58, SD log(r) = 0.22, Based on: 2 M, 3 K, 2 tgen, 2 tmax, 2 Fec records
Kwetsbaarheid (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100) .
