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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Hippoglossoides: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek, glossa = tongue + Suffix oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Lingkungan / Klimat / Range
Ekologi
; laut dasar (demersal); oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 10 - 3000 m (Ref. 58426), usually 90 - 250 m (Ref. 6263). Temperate, preferred 6°C (Ref. 107945); 77°N - 41°N, 72°W - 55°E
Eastern Atlantic: off eastern Greenland and from the English Channel to the coast of Murmansk. Western Atlantic: southern Labrador in Canada and western Greenland to Rhode Island in USA (Ref. 7251). Two subspecies were recognized, H. p. platessoides from northwestern Atlantic, and H. p. limandoides from the northeastern Atlantic (Ref. 51668).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 35.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 82.6 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 58426); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 6.4 kg (Ref. 7251); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 30 Tahun (Ref. 6263)
Slender body and a large mouth. Dorsal fin starts above left eye. Lateral line almost straight. Rough scales (Ref. 35388).
Adults are most abundant from 90 m to 250 m deep and bottom temperatures of -0.5 to 2.5°C (Ref. 6263). Live on soft bottoms (Ref. 9988, 58426). Feed on invertebrates and small fishes. Batch spawner (Ref. 51486). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Cooper, J.A. and F. Chapleau, 1998. Monophyly and intrarelationships of the family Pleuronectidae (Pleuronectiformes), with a revised classification. Fish. Bull. 96(4):686-726. (Ref. 30193)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00353 - 0.00895), b=3.09 (2.96 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.0 se; Based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
69278): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (rm=0.43; K=0.06-0.12; tm=2-11; tmax=30; Fec=50,000).
Prior r = 0.32, 2 SD range = 0.15 - 0.69, log(r) = -1.14, SD log(r) = 0.38, Based on: 2 M, 10 K, 28 tgen, 2 tmax, 5 Fec records
keancaman (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100) .
