Actinopterygii (Straalvinnigen) >
Perciformes (Perch-likes) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Umbrina: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335). More on author: Valenciennes.
Omgeving / Klimaat / Range
Ecologie
; marien demersaal; diepteverspreiding 50 - 300 m (Ref. 4780), usually 150 - 200 m (Ref. 26999). Subtropical; 14°C - 15°C (Ref. 27121), preferred 26°C (Ref. 107945); 50°N - 28°S
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to South Africa (Ref. 4373), including the western Mediterranean. Western Indian Ocean: east coast of Africa (Ref. 3490); probably also in the Arabian Sea under synonyms capensis (non Pappe ?), sinuata Day and striata Boulenger.
Size / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 30573); common length : 40.0 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 3593)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 25-29; Anale stekels 2; Anale zachte stralen: 7. Juveniles with narrow oblique dark and light stripes, becoming obscure in adults (Ref. 4373).
Found in mud and sandy bottoms of the shelf and upper slope (Ref. 4780), 14° to 15° C (Ref. 36731). Feed on small shrimps, worms and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 4780). Sold fresh and dried salted (Ref. 3490).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geslachtsrijpheid | Voortplanting | Kuitschieten | Eieren | Fecundity | Larven
Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Gevaarlijk voor mensen
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Meer informatie
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00507 - 0.01430), b=3.15 (3.01 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.44 se; Based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
69278): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.26).
Kwetsbaarheid (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100) .