окружающая среда / климат / Range
экология
; пресноводный; солоноватоводный демерсальный; мигрирует в реке (Ref. 51243). Temperate; 4°C - 25°C (Ref. 1672), preferred ?; 62°N - 42°N, 15°E - 61°E
Europe and Asia: In Europe, north of the Alps, from Meuse eastward to Neva drainages and Lake Ladoga; northern Black Sea basin from Danube eastward to Kuban, absent on the southern section; Caspian basin in Volga and Ural drainages. Not native to Great Britain, Scandinavia, Apennine and Iberian peninsulas, Crimea, and Adriatic, Aegean and White Sea basins. Locally introduced in Rhône drainage (France) and perhaps elsewhere (Ref. 59043).
In Appendix III of the Bern Convention (protected fauna) (Ref. 1441).
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ?, range 11 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 556); 30.7 cm TL (female); common length : 15.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 556)
Краткое описание
морфология | морфометрия
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 5-6; колючие лучи анального плавника 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 8 - 11; позвонки: 49 - 50. Broad midlateral stripe from eye to caudal base and narrow stripe from opercle at least to pelvic origin. Lamina circularis absent in males (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 14-16 rays (Ref. 40476).
Found in lower reaches of slow-flowing rivers, but can also be found in still pools (Ref. 9696), on sandy bottoms of ponds, pools and ditches. Adults are nocturnal which burrow into mud during dry periods and strong frosts. Usually, burrows are 20-30 cm deep, occasionally down to 70 cm during dry periods (Ref. 59043). During the day, they stay buried in the sand. Feed on insect larvae and small mollusks. Seldom captured with hook and line (Ref. 30578). Are sensitive to pollutants which accumulate in the sediment (Ref. 11941). Facultative air-breathers (Ref. 27368). A female specimen measuring 30.7 cm TL was recorded from Netherlands (Ref. 114650).
Male follows female into dense vegetation and forms a complete ring around her body, behind dorsal fin (Ref. 59043).
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: интереса не представляет; наживка: usually
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