分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii
輻鰭魚綱 (條鰭魚) >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Lotidae (Hakes and burbots)
Etymology: Brosme: Greek, brosomai, bibrosko = to eat up, to devour (Ref. 45335).
環境 / 氣候 / 範圍
生態學
; 海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 18 - 1000 m (Ref. 1371), usually 18 - 549 m (Ref. 1371). , preferred 10°C (Ref. 107945); 83°N - 37°N, 75°W - 57°E (Ref. 1371)
Northwest Atlantic: New Jersey to the Strait of Belle Isle and on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Rare at the southern tip of Greenland. Northeast Atlantic: off Iceland, in the northern North Sea, and along the coast of Scandinavia to the Murmansk Coast and at Spitzbergen.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 50.0, range 50 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9988); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大體重: 30.0 kg (Ref. 9988); 最大年齡: 20 年 (Ref. 1371)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 93-103; 臀鰭軟條: 62 - 75; 脊椎骨: 64 - 67. Barbel on present on chin, none on snout, its length equal to eye diameter. Color is variable; dorsally dark red-brown or green brown to yellow shading into pale color on belly. Young specimens may have six transverse yellow bands on sides. Vertical fins with dark margin rimmed with white.
Found in small shoals on rough, rock, gravel, or pebble bottoms. Generally keeps far from the shore, near the bottom, mostly between 150 and 450 m in the northeastern Atlantic, and between 18 and 550 m in the northwestern Atlantic. Occurs at a temperature range of 0°-10° C (Ref. 9988). Solitary or in small groups. Feeds on crustaceans and shellfishes, benthic fishes (flatfishes and gurnard) and even on starfishes. Preyed upon by seals (Ref. 9988). Sold fresh, frozen as fillets or dried salted. Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawns in shallower waters between 40-400 m, usually 100 to 200 m. Most important spawning grounds are located between Scotland and Iceland, from 200 to 500 m depth. In the Gulf of Maine, spawning grounds can be found in shallower waters (>50 m). Some individuals even spawn close inshore in Cape Cod, Provincetown Harbor and the Isles of Shoals (Ref. 1371).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00501 (0.00294 - 0.00854), b=3.14 (2.99 - 3.29), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.3 se; Based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
69278): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.08-0.16; tm=8-10; tmax=20; Fec=2 million).
Prior r = 0.36, 2 SD range = 0.21 - 0.62, log(r) = -1.02, SD log(r) = 0.27, Based on: 1 M, 9 K, 3 tgen, 1 tmax, 7 Fec records
瀕危性 (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100) .
