分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii
輻鰭魚綱 (條鰭魚) >
Elopiformes (Tarpons and tenpounders) >
Elopidae (Tenpounders)
Etymology: Elops: Greek, ellops = a kind of serpent (Ref. 45335).
環境 / 氣候 / 範圍
生態學
; 海洋; 半鹹淡水; 海洋洄游的. , preferred ?; 38°N - 37°S, 22°E - 153°W
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964), Red Sea to Mossel Bay, South Africa and east to India and western Pacific. Africa: Inland waters.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 118 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4967); 最大體重: 10.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 20-27; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 18. Upper jaw reaching well behind eye; teeth on jaws villiform (Ref. 4832).
Occurs in coastal waters, but enters lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 4832) [actual freshwater records remain to be confirmed]. Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Young and adults feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Probably spawn at sea, but the transparent larvae migrate to inshore areas and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 7050). Are voracious carnivores that take fish, squid and shrimp bait (Ref. 3968). Edible, but not tasty and full of bones (Ref. 3968). A total length of 126 cm for this species has been reported from Knysna, South Africa (G. Bernardt, pers. comm., e-mail: gerard@smallstreams.com) .
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Smith, M.M., 1986. Elopidae. p. 155-156. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3968)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5176 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00482 - 0.00907), b=3.02 (2.93 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.3 se; Based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
69278): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
瀕危性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100) .
