Actinopterigi (pesci con pinne raggiate) >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen. More on author: Fowler.
Ambiente / Clima / Range
Ecologia
; marino associati a barriera corallina; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 5 - 35 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical, preferred ?; 42°N - 35°S, 30°E - 140°E (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and Persian Gulf south to perhaps Durban in South Africa, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and probably Burma. Also from southern Japan to China, Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia south to Brisbane, Australia, Japan eastward to Hawaii, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Samoa and Tahiti.
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 7 - ? cm
Max length : 13.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 189)
Spine dorsali (totale): 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale): 12-15; Spine anali 0; Raggi anali molli: 14 - 17. Belly rounded with 3 to 6 sharp needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip blunt, scarcely projecting beyond second supra-maxilla, not reaching to front border of pre-operculum. Isthmus short, preceded by small fleshy plate on urohyal between branchial membranes. Anal fin short, its origin behind base of last dorsal fin ray.
Epipelagic (Ref. 58302). A schooling species found inshore and in oceanic waters, hundreds of miles from land. Sometimes entering large atoll lagoons or deep, clear bays. Ranks among the most important food (bait) for tuna and other large pelagic fishes (Ref. 1602). Processed into nuoc-mam, a kind of fish pickle, in Indo-China (Ref. 4929).
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale; esca: usually
Informazioni ulteriori
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Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00305 - 0.00752), b=3.25 (3.12 - 3.38), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilienza (Ref.
69278): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (K=1.1-2.0).
Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (12 of 100) .
