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Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes)
Etymology: Gobionotothen: Latin, gobius = gudgeon + see under Notothenia; gibberifrons: gibberifrons from Latin giber a hump, frons forehead, humped forehead (Ref. 11892).
Lingkungan / Klimat / Range
Ekologi
; laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 6 - 429 m (Ref. 11892). Polar, preferred 2°C (Ref. 107945); 53°S - 67°S, 75°W - 75°E
Southern Ocean: Scotia Arc and Heard Island. Also distributed in the South Atlantic, near the southern Shetland, southern Sandwich, southern Orkney Islands, and near South Georgia Island (Ref. 4883).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 37.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5179); common length : 40.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2121)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 6 - 8; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)): 31-34; Sirip dubur lunak: 31 - 34. Upper part of head and body irregularly spotted and blotched. Rarely with traces of darker cross-bars, young with irregular cross-bars, broken up into three or four series of alternating spots (Ref. 11892).
Mature females may spawn for the first time from around 6-8 years of age (Ref. 71843).
Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
informasi lanjut
mitraGambarStamps, CoinsSuara-suaraCiguateraKecepatanTipe renangArea insangOtolithsOtakPenglihatan / visi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00374 - 0.00559), b=3.20 (3.14 - 3.26), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
69278): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Fec=21,699; tm=10).
Prior r = 0.35, 2 SD range = 0.14 - 0.87, log(r) = -1.05, SD log(r) = 0.45, Based on: 3 K, 1 tgen, 1 tmax, 10 Fec records
keancaman (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100) .