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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
البيئة / مناخ / المدى
البيئة
; بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 0 - 183 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical, preferred 19°C (Ref. 107945); 48°N - 24°N
Eastern Pacific: Quillayute River in northern Washington, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico. Also in northern the Gulf of California (Ref. 9330).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 152 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 2850); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 33.0 kg (Ref. 9330); العمر: 30 سنين (Ref. 33520)
Lives mostly on sandy bottoms. Common beyond surf line, also in bays and estuaries. Occurs from near shore to 183 m depth. Feeds during the day (Ref. 9643) on fishes and squids, often well off the bottom. An important sport and commercial fish. Also caught with trammel nets (Ref. 9330). Marketed as fresh fillet (Ref. 9330). Adults migrate to shallower waters to spawn (Ref. 9643). Has very sharp teeth and is known to bite if handled (Ref. 13513).
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
خطر للأنسان
Traumatogenic (Ref. 13513)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
مزيد من المعلومات
مراجعالأستزراع المائيملف الأستزراع المائيسلالاتجينيتواتر الأليلالتوريثالأمراضمعالجةMass conversion
أدوات
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00387 - 0.01238), b=3.13 (2.98 - 3.28), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.63 se; Based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
69278): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (K=0.08; tmax=30; tm=3).
Prior r = 0.33, 2 SD range = 0.19 - 0.59, log(r) = -1.11, SD log(r) = 0.29, Based on: 2 K, 1 tgen, 1 tmax, 1 Fec records
عرضة للخطر (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100) .
