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Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
محيط زيست / آب و هوا _ اقليم / Range
بوم شناسي
; دريايي; لب شور نزديك كف زي; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 183 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical, preferred 19°C (Ref. 107945); 48°N - 24°N
Eastern Pacific: Quillayute River in northern Washington, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico. Also in northern the Gulf of California (Ref. 9330).
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 152 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 2850); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 33.0 kg (Ref. 9330); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 30 سال ها (Ref. 33520)
Lives mostly on sandy bottoms. Common beyond surf line, also in bays and estuaries. Occurs from near shore to 183 m depth. Feeds during the day (Ref. 9643) on fishes and squids, often well off the bottom. An important sport and commercial fish. Also caught with trammel nets (Ref. 9330). Marketed as fresh fillet (Ref. 9330). Adults migrate to shallower waters to spawn (Ref. 9643). Has very sharp teeth and is known to bite if handled (Ref. 13513).
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
Traumatogenic (Ref. 13513)
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
اطلاعات بيشتر
مراجعآبزي پرورينمايه آبزي پرورينژادهاژنتيكتواتر آلل هاوارثبيماري هافرآوریMass conversion
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00387 - 0.01238), b=3.13 (2.98 - 3.28), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic Level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.63 se; Based on food items.
جهندگی (Ref.
69278): پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (K=0.08; tmax=30; tm=3).
Prior r = 0.33, 2 SD range = 0.19 - 0.59, log(r) = -1.11, SD log(r) = 0.29, Based on: 2 K, 1 tgen, 1 tmax, 1 Fec records
آسيب پذيری (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100) .
