背棘 (總數): 11 - 12; 背的軟條 (總數): 15-17; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 9; 脊椎骨: 27. Diagnosis: body oblong and compressed, not very deep; snout short and pointed, distinctly longer than eye diameter; 2 anterior pores on chin, followed by a median pit bearing openings of another pair of pores; a deep groove and a pore above maxilla, below the preorbital bone; second anal fin spine longer and stouter than third; caudal fin slightly forked; scales slightly ctenoid; 4-5 scale rows between lateral line and middle of spinous dorsal-fin base; swim bladder simple, without anterior horns (Ref. 57395).
Coloration: silvery, with round, dark brown and irregularly scattered spots following scale rows on back and sides; dorsal and caudal fins grey; a dark spot at angle of opercle (Ref. 57395).
Inhabit sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters and estuaries (Ref. 2683). Sometimes found in freshwater (Ref. 2135, 57395). Feeds on fish and benthic crustaceans (Ref. 28587) as well as on mollusks and worms (Ref. 27121). Breeds in brackish water lagoons and estuaries, and even freshwaters (Ref. 57395).
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Bauchot, M.-L., 2003. Haemulidae. p. 495-503 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57395)
